Slave Labor in Nazi, Germany, Camps

Kdo. (Kommando) Dachau, Zivilarbeiterlager (Civil work camp); US zone
2 miles S of Gelting, 3 miles east of Neufahrn
Lager Buchberg, worked with armament industry*, from 1940-45 600 workers, partly POW, partly civilian; write to mayor in Gelting

*Probably the armament plant, DSC, was situated in the fir forest of Foehrenwald, within the triangle of Wolfrathausen, Gelting, and Neufahrn;

CC Kdo Dachau had a smaller Kommando in the factory named SS Arbeiterlager (work camp) Neufarn

Buchenwald

"I want to bow to my father, Andriy Andriyovych Yushchenko, for the lessons he taught me. He was a teacher in the small village of Khoruzhivka, in Sumy Region. He also was a prisoner in Auschwitz, Dachau and Buchenwald. My father's truth has led me through life to the high honour of becoming the leader of my country," from inauguration speech of Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko, January 23, 2005.

"My father never met a guard he would forgive. They were brutal men who beat him and killed his friends for no reason. One sub-zero winter night, these guards ran roll calls over and over. Hundreds of prisoners in pajama thin clothes stood outside in the cold and snow. By morning, about a hundred prisoners were dead," by John Guzlowski. "When my father was dying in a hospice, there were times when he was sure that the doctors and the nurses were the guards who beat him when he was a prisoner in the concentration camp. There were also times when he couldn’t recognize me. He looked at me and was frightened, as if I were one of the guards." For more, see http://lightning-and-ashes.blogspot.com/

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August 1942. Piotrkow, Poland. The sky was gloomy that morning as we waited anxiously. All the men, women and children of Piotrkow's Jewish ghetto had been herded into a square. Word had gotten around that we were being moved. My father had only recently died from typhus, which had run rampant
through the crowded ghetto. My greatest fear was that our family would be separated.

"Whatever you do," Isidore, my eldest brother, whispered to me, "don't tell them your age. Say you're sixteen." I was tall for a boy of 11, so I could pull it off. That way I might be deemed valuable as a worker. An SS man approached me, boots clicking against the cobblestones. He looked me up
and down, then asked my age. "Sixteen," I said. He directed me to the left, where my three brothers and other healthy young men already stood.

My mother was motioned to the right with the other women, children, sick and elderly people. I whispered to Isidore, "Why?" He didn't answer. I ran to Mama's side and said I wanted to stay with her. "No," she said sternly. "Get away. Don't be a nuisance. Go with your brothers." She had never spoken so harshly before. But I understood. She was protecting me. She loved me so much that, just this once, she pretended not to. It was the last I ever saw of her.

My brothers and I were transported in a cattle car to Germany. We arrived at the Buchenwald concentration camp one night weeks later and were led into a crowded barrack. The next day, we were issued uniforms and identification numbers. "Don't call me Herman anymore." I said to my brothers. "Call me 94983."

I was put to work in the camp's crematorium, loading the dead into a hand-cranked elevator. I, too, felt dead. Hardened, I had become a number. Soon, my brothers and I were sent to Schlieben, one of Buchenwald's sub-camps near Berlin. One morning I thought I heard my mother's voice, "Son," she said softly but clearly, "I am going to send you an angel." Then I woke up. Just a dream. A beautiful dream. But in this place there could be no angels. There was only work. And hunger. And fear.

A couple of days later, I was walking around the camp, around the barracks near the barbed-wire fence where the guards could not easily see. I was alone. On the other side of the fence, I spotted someone: a little girl with light, almost luminous curls. She was half-hidden behind a birch tree. I glanced around to make sure no one saw me. I called to her softly in German. "Do you have something to eat?" She didn't understand. I inched closer to the fence and repeated question in Polish. She stepped forward. I
was thin and gaunt, with rags wrapped around my feet, but the girl looked unafraid. In her eyes, I saw life. She pulled an apple from her woolen jacket and threw it over the fence. I grabbed the fruit and, as I started to run away, I heard her say faintly, "I'll see you tomorrow."

I returned to the same spot by the fence at the same time every day. She was always there with something for me to eat - a hunk of bread, or better yet, an apple. We didn't dare speak or linger. To be caught would mean death for us both. I didn't know anything about her, just a kind farm
girl, except that she understood Polish. What was her name? Why was she risking her life for me? Hope was in such short supply, and this girl on the other side of the fence gave me some, as nourishing in its way as the bread and apples.

Nearly seven months later, my brothers and I were crammed into a coal car and shipped to Theresienstadt camp in Czechoslovakia. "Don't return," I told the girl that day. "We're leaving." I turned toward the barracks and didn't look back, didn't even say good-bye to the little girl whose name I'd never learned, the girl with the apples.

We were in Theresienstadt for three months. The war was winding down and Allied forces were closing in, yet my fate seemed sealed.

On May 10, 1945, I was scheduled to die in the gas chamber at 10:00 AM. In the quiet of dawn, I tried to prepare myself. So many times death seemed ready to claim me, but somehow I'd survived. Now, it was over. I thought of my parents. At least, I thought, we will be reunited.

But at 8 A.M. there was a commotion. I heard shouts, and saw people running every which way through camp. I caught up with my brothers. Russian troops had liberated the camp! The gates swung open. Everyone was running, so I did too.

Amazingly, all of my brothers had survived; I'm not sure how. But I knew that the girl with the apples had been the key to my survival. In a place where evil seemed triumphant, one person's goodness had saved my life, had given me hope in a place where there was none. My mother had promised to send me an angel, and the angel had come.

Eventually I made my way to England where I was sponsored by a Jewish charity, put up in a hostel with other boys who had survived the Holocaust, and trained in electronics. Then I came to America, where my brother Sam had already moved. I served in the US Army during the Korean War, and returned to New York City after two years.

By August 1957 I'd opened my own electronics repair shop. I was starting to settle in. One day, my friend Sid who I knew from England called me. "I've got a date. She's got a Polish friend. Let's double date."

A blind date? Nah, that wasn't for me. But Sid kept pestering me, and a few days later we headed up to the Bronx to pick up his date and her friend, Roma. I had to admit, for a blind date this wasn't so bad. Roma was a nurse at a Bronx hospital. She was kind and smart. Beautiful, too, with swirling
brown curls and green, almond-shaped eyes that sparkled with life.

The four of us drove out to Coney Island. Roma was easy to talk to, easy to be with. Turned out she was wary of blind dates, too! We were both just doing our friends a favor. We took a stroll on the boardwalk, enjoying the salty Atlantic breeze, and then had dinner by the shore. I couldn't remember having a better time.

We piled back into Sid's car, Roma and I sharing the backseat. As European Jews who had survived the war, we were aware that much had been left unsaid between us. She broached the subject, "Where were you," she asked softly, "during the war?"

"The camps," I said, the terrible memories still vivid, the irreparable loss I had tried to forget. But you can never forget.

She nodded. "My family was hiding on a farm in Germany, not far from Berlin," she told me. "My father knew a priest, and he got us Aryan papers." I imagined how she must have suffered too ... fear, a constant companion. And yet here we were, both survivors, in a new world.

"There was a camp next to the farm." Roma continued. "I saw a boy there and I would throw him apples every day."

What an amazing coincidence that she had helped some other boy. "What did he look like? I asked. "He was tall, skinny, and hungry. I must have seen him every day for six months."

My heart was racing. I couldn't believe it. This couldn't be. "Did he tell you one day not to come back because he was leaving Schlieben?"

Roma looked at me in amazement. "Yes."

"That was me!" I was ready to burst with joy and awe, flooded with emotions. I couldn't believe it! My angel.

"I'm not letting you go." I said to Roma. And in the back of the car on that blind date, I proposed to her. I didn't want to wait.

"You're crazy!" she said. But she invited me to meet her parents for Shabbat dinner the following week. There was so much I looked forward to learning about Roma, but the most important things I always knew: her steadfastness, her goodness. For many months, in the worst of circumstances, she had come to the fence and given me hope. Now that I'd found her again, I could never let her go.

That day, she said yes. And I kept my word. After nearly 50 years of marriage, two children, and three grandchildren, I have never let her go.

* Herman Rosenblat, Miami Beach, Florida *

This is a true story. You can find out more by Googling Herman Rosenblat as he was Bar Mitzvahed at age 75. This story is being made into a movie called: "The Fence."

Celle

City archives Ansprechpartnerin: Mrs. Sabine Maehnert Effnungszeiten, address:

Westerceller Str. 4 D-29227, Celle
Telephone: (05141) 936 00 0 FAX: (05141) 936 00 29
E-Mail: stadtarchiv@celle.de

http://www.celle.de/index.phtml?La=2&start=1

Chelm - Death camp

Chemnitz

Colditz the bodies were found: http://home.t-online.de/home/hans.kiosze/POWe.html

From 1939 to 1945, it was the prisoner of war camp for officers Oflag IV C. The events are documented in the Fluchtmuseum (escape museum). The museum is open to visitors for history and a guided tour of the castle. It's best to phone the castle administration before coming. In this way one best can learn, why every schoolchild in England knows about Colditz castle.

HASAG armament factory and a forced labor camp http://home.t-online.de/home/hans.kiosze/POWe.html

Cyprus

A well-known Jewish camp on Cyprus. The exodus of Jews from Europe to the Promised Land was thwarted by Great Britain, which blockaded the shores of Palestine to prevent thousands of Jews from entering the ountry. In August 1946 Great Britain's foreign minister, Ernest Bevin, ordered that boats of migrants be intercepted and escorted to the island of Cyprus, where the "illegal" Jews were placed in internment camps. The American-Jewish Joint Distribution Committee was allowed to enter the camps and provide residents with aid and relief. From Displaced Persons Camp Money by Frank Passic and Steven A. Feller.

British authorities approved the use of internal money as payment to residents who worked within the camps.

ZYPERN
Library Association of Cyprus
POB 10 39
1105 Nicosia
Letzte Änderung

Archives of Europe: http://www.uidaho.edu/special-collections/euro1.html

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